A Review on the analysis of Behavioral pattern of Students during pandemic COVID-19

The widespread of (covid-19) has become the major reason for many physical illnesses in addition to psychological encounters to the whole world. The psychological challenges brought in due to the Covid-19 pandemic have resulted in decrease in the learning curve of students to a very large extent risking the academic ability of students due to psychological/mental health. Hence it is a challenge to identify valid cues for disorientation in the learning ability of the student at the right time and to suggest necessary support and guidance. This paper aims to describe about the work done so far and analyzes the future challenges to be addressed based on the learning curve of a student and gives an insight of how a student can be identified to be psychologically disturbed. © 2023 IEEE.

Admetox-informatics of plant derived octadecanoic acid (stearic acid) from ethyl acetate fraction of Moringa oleifera leaf extract as a natural lead for next generation drug design, development and therapeutics

In-silico Computer-Aided Drug Design (CADD) significantly relies on cybernetic screening of Plant Based Natural Products (PBNPs) as a prime source of bioactive compounds/ drug leads due to their unique chemical structural scaffolds and distinct functional characteristic features amenable to drug design and development. In the Post-COVID-Era a large number of publications have focused on PBNPs. Moreover, PBNPs still remain as an ideal source of novel therapeutic agents of GRAS standard. However, a well-structured, in-depth ADME/Tox profile with deeper dimensions of PBNPs has been lacking for many of natural pharma lead molecules that hamper successful exploitation of PBNPs. In the present study, ADMET-informatics of Octadecanoic Acid (Stearic Acid - SA) from ethyl acetate fraction of Moringa oleifera leaves has been envisaged to predict ADMET and pharmacokinetics (DMPK) outcomes. This work contributes to the deeper understanding of SA as major source of drug lead from Moringa oleifera with immense therapeutic potential. The data generated herein could be useful for the development of SA as plant based natural product lead (PBNPL) for drug development programs.

Prevalence of Adverse Events in Healthcare Professionals Using Personal Protective Equipment to Treat COVID-19: A Web-based Survey

Introduction: Healthcare Professionals (HCPs) involved in managing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic were instructed to wear Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) to protect themselves from contracting virus. However, PPE use can sometimes lead to adverse events which create greater impact on health status of HCPs. Thus, the prevalence of adverse events and associated risk factors should be estimated for taking necessary preventive measures. Aim(s): To evaluate the prevalence of adverse events in HCPs due to PPE use during second wave of COVID-19 in Tamil Nadu, India. Material(s) and Method(s): A cross-sectional study was conducted in different levels of healthcare centres in Tamil Nadu, India, from April to May 2021. Data were collected using a pre-validated questionnaire from HCPs of any discipline who were directly involved in managing COVID-19 patients. A total of 282 responses were collected through Google forms and proportion of HCPs who experienced adverse events due to PPE and percentage of different adverse events associated with PPE wearing were assessed. Data were analysed using Chi-square test. Result(s): Out of 282 respondents of the survey included 224 doctors, 34 nurses and 24 lab technicians with a mean age of 30 years. There were 164 females and 118 males. A total of 177 (62.76%) participants experienced adverse events which included dehydration, thirst and heat, headaches, inability to go to restroom and other urinary/respiratory problems. With respect to duration of exposure to PPE, 163 (57.8%) HCPs had >6 hours/day and 102 (36.2%) had 4-6 hours/day. It was observed that factors such as age, gender, profession, various wards posted for COVID-19 duty and duration of PPE worn daily were significantly associated with adverse events to PPE (p-value<0.05). Conclusion(s): The results of the study concluded that higher prevalence of adverse events with PPE was seen among doctors and nurses. Most common encountered adverse events were dehydration, headache and skin problems, which have been associated with prolonged use of PPE.Copyright © 2023 Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. All rights reserved.

Walking on a thin line! Empirical examination of work–home boundary violations faced by employees during forced work from home

Purpose: This research aims to study employees' pandemic-induced work–home boundary violations using the work–home boundary model. Boundary theory and social theories provide the theoretical underpinnings for this study. The authors study the role of gender, gender role ideology, and fear of COVID-19 in explaining the relationship between work–home boundary violations, work–family conflict (WFC), and subjective well-being (SWB) among working professionals. Design/methodology/approach: Data were gathered using an online survey on married and working individuals (N = 354) and analyzed using the multi-group analysis technique in structural equation modeling (SEM). Findings: Results show that men faced higher WFC due to job insecurity, while women reported higher WFC due to traditional gender role ideology. Surprisingly, men reported lower subjective well-being due to WFC compared to women, when fear of COVID-19 was low. One promising finding is the potential in using problem-focused coping strategy (PCS) as a boundary-work tactic for both men and women to ensure boundary control (BC) to reduce WFC and improve SWB during the new normal. Practical implications: This study contributes to boundary theory, social role theory, and social support resource theory, along with practical implications for employees, organizations, and policymakers. Originality/value: This study dissects the primary role of problem-focused coping as a valid coping mechanism for managing the issues arising from the pandemic-induced unfavorable working conditions. © 2022, Emerald Publishing Limited.

Serum Albumin And C-Reactive Protein/ Albumin Ratio On Admission As Prognostic Predictors In Sars-Cov-2 Infection: A Retrospective Study

The salient objective of this research was to assess the serum albumin levels and C-reactive protein /albumin ratio in the admitted cases of SARS-CoV-2 in a tertiary care hospital, we tried to predict the severity of the disease like increased oxygen requirement during the hospital stay and on discharge, intensive care unit (ICU) requirement, longer hospital stay and secondary infections during the hospital stay by assessing by the C-reactive protein /albumin ratio biomarker. The study was conducted as a retrospective observational one, a total of 200 SARS-CoV-2 infected subjects were considered for the study, and each subject was carefully examined and data collected. Based on the objective of interest we correlated Serum Albumin levels and C-reactive protein /Albumin Ratio at the time of admission and subsequent clinical course of patient was noted. As per the findings, the mean CRP was 2.68 g/L in mild cases;moderate was 6.38 g/L, and severe was 7.44 g/L. The higher CRP is significantly associated with a tendency for respiratory distress, increased requirement of high flow oxygen treatment and patients requiring mechanical ventilation. CRP/Alb ratio on the mean differences was 0.386, the serum albumin level significantly differed at 1% level. In conclusion, CRP/alb ratio is a valid Biomarker for treating SARS-CoV-2 patients and provides substantial information to the clinicians for making a valid decision at the right time. Copyright © 2022, Anka Publishers. All rights reserved.

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Secondary Gram-negative Bacteria Isolated from Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Disease 2 Patients in A Tertiary Care Hospital

Prior to the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Disease 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, the rise in antimicrobial resistance was a major source of concern in public health. However, due to the novelty of SARS-CoV-2 infection during the pandemic, antibiotics were administered prior to laboratory testing for secondary gram-negative bacteria (SGNB) in order to avoid or reduce the occurrence of SGNB infection. The purpose of this study was to investigate the etiology, prevalence, and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of gram-negative bacteria (GNB) isolated from SARS-CoV-2 positive patients. Respiratory and blood samples were collected from confirmed SARS-CoV-2 positive patients. They were subsequently cultured and bacterial isolates identified according to standard microbiological protocols. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was performed and interpreted according to Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) 2021 guidelines. A total of sixty-four non-repetitive GNB were isolated from respiratory samples and twenty-two GNB from blood samples. K. pneumoniae was the major cause of SGNB, followed byAcinetobacter species. K. pneumoniae had over 60% resistance to beta-Lactam combination agents, cephalosporin, and the carbapenem group of antibiotics. In the current study, we observed that K. pneumoniae was the major cause of SGNB and had high resistance to the antimicrobial agents. Hence, it is important that the epidemiology and susceptibility patterns of circulating organisms causing SGNB infection are always monitored to inform clinical treatment and decrease the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

ADMET informatics of tetradecanoic acid (myristic acid) from ethyl acetate fraction of Moringa oleifera leaves

In-silico Computer-Aided Drug Design (CADD) often comprehends virtual screening (VS) of datasets of natural pharmaco-active compounds for drug discovery protocols. Plant Based Natural Products (PBNPs) still, remains to be a prime source of pharmaco-active compounds due to their unique chemical structural scaffolds and functionalities with distinct chemical characteristic feature from natural source that are much acquiescent to drug metabolism and kinetics. In the Post-COVID-Era number of publications pertaining to PBNPs and publicly accessible plant based natural product databases (PBNPDBs) has significantly increased. Moreover, PBNPs are important sources of inspiration or starting points to develop novel therapeutic agents. However, a well-structured, indepth ADME/Tox profile of PBNPs has been limited or lacking for many of such compounds, this hampers the successful exploitation of PBNPs by pharma industries. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) properties play key roles in the discovery/ development of drugs, pesticides, food additives, consumer products, and industrial chemicals. In the present study, ADMET-informatics of Tetradecanoic Acid (Myristic Acid) from ethyl acetate fraction of Moringa oleifera leaves to predict drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics (DMPK) outcomes has been taken up. This work contributes to the deeper understanding of Myristic acid as major source of drug from commonly available medicinal plant - Moringa oleifera with immense therapeutic potential. The data generated herein could be useful for NP based lead generation programs.

Walking on a thin line! Empirical examination of work–home boundary violations faced by employees during forced work from home

Purpose This research aims to study employees' pandemic-induced work-home boundary violations using the work-home boundary model. Boundary theory and social theories provide the theoretical underpinnings for this study. The authors study the role of gender, gender role ideology, and fear of COVID-19 in explaining the relationship between work-home boundary violations, work-family conflict (WFC), and subjective well-being (SWB) among working professionals. Design/methodology/approach Data were gathered using an online survey on married and working individuals (N = 354) and analyzed using the multi-group analysis technique in structural equation modeling (SEM). Findings Results show that men faced higher WFC due to job insecurity, while women reported higher WFC due to traditional gender role ideology. Surprisingly, men reported lower subjective well-being due to WFC compared to women, when fear of COVID-19 was low. One promising finding is the potential in using problem-focused coping strategy (PCS) as a boundary-work tactic for both men and women to ensure boundary control (BC) to reduce WFC and improve SWB during the new normal. Practical implications This study contributes to boundary theory, social role theory, and social support resource theory, along with practical implications for employees, organizations, and policymakers. Originality/value This study dissects the primary role of problem-focused coping as a valid coping mechanism for managing the issues arising from the pandemic-induced unfavorable working conditions.

Outcome of Neonates Born to COVID-19 Positive Mothers at a Tertiary Centre: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Introduction:In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, studies on perinatal severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection play an essential role in the understanding of the disease which in turn is necessary for optimal management of affected neonates.Aim and Objective:To determine the clinical outcomes in neonates born to mothers with SARS-CoV-2 infection and to identify possible risk factors in perinatal transmission.Materials and Methods:This was a retrospective cohort study performed at level-3 teaching Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) in South India. Medical records of all mothers who delivered in the COVID-19 facility and neonates born to COVID-19 confirmed mothers from April 15, 2020, to September 15, 2021, were collected and analyzed.Results:Of 15,720 deliveries, 556 mothers who tested positive for COVID-19 delivered 563 babies (7 twins), of which 6.3% were positive for SARS-CoV-2. Out of 563 babies, 14.5% were preterm and 95% were asymptomatic. Among COVID-19 positive mothers, cesarean was the most common mode of delivery (73.5% and 88% in COVID-19 positive and negative neonates respectively;P value = .01) and most of the babies were roomed-in (85.2% in COVID-19 positive and 94.6% in COVID-19 negative neonates;P value = .02). COVID-19 positive neonates had significantly high probability of pneumonia (P value = .003), sepsis (P value = .03), septic shock (P value = .01), and abnormal CXR (P value = .01). There was no significant difference in the mortality rate.Conclusion:COVID-19 positive status of the mother is not associated with increased risk of preterm birth, neonatal admission, morbidity, or mortality. The risk of transmission was not found to be associated with direct breastfeeding or rooming-in.

Phytochemical screening, GCMS profile, and in-silico properties of bioactive compounds in methanolic leaf extracts of Moringa oleifera

Plant Based Natural Products (PBNPs) have been subject of interest since ancient time due to their use in food, industrial and biomedical applications. Research attention has further augmented to explore their phytochemical composition, properties, and potential application in the post-COVID era. In the present study phytochemical screening has been carried out with Methanolic Leaf Extracts of Moringa oleifera (MLEMO) followed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) analysis. Phytochemical analysis of MLEMO revealed the presence of Alkaloids, Carbohydrates, Coumarins, Flavonoids, Glycosides, Phenol, Proteins, Quinones, Saponins, Steroids, Tannins and Terpenoids. Further, GCMS analysis revealed the presence of 41 compounds of which Dihydroxyacetone;Monomethyl malonate;4H-Pyran-4-one,2,3-dihydro- 3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl;1,3-Propanediol, 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl);Propanoic acid, 2- methyl-, octyl ester;3-Deoxy-d-mannoic lactone;Sorbitol;Inositol;Cyclohexanemethanol, alpha-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl), Hexadecanoic acid, Methyl palmitate;n-Hexadecanoic acid (Palmitic acid);9-Octadecenoic acid, methyl ester;Phytol;9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid;Octadecanoic acid;9-Octadecenamide were prominent. Most of the compounds in the list are bioactive and possess medicinal properties that are expected to serve as a baseline lead for the development of therapeutic agents.

Deep Learning Based Covid-19 Diagnosis Using Lung Images (preprint)

In 2019, a new virus named corona virus had changed the life of every individual in the world. As the number of covid positive cases had been increased, it causes a very big pressure in the medical field. To overcome this situation, we are in need of some algorithm which predicts whether the person is affected by COVID-19 or not. The most known deep learning method is used to detect whether the person’s lung is affected by covid or not. In this project, lung CT images are segmented and then it is given into the simple convolutional neural network. The image segmentation techniques followed are canny edge detection, thresholding technique and U-Net algorithm. From these techniques the better one is chosen and its result is pushed into the convolutional neural network. By segmenting the image and then predicting whether the lung is affected by covid or not increases the accuracy rate and the accuracy value is 95%.

In-silico ADMET predicated pharmacoinformatics of quercetin-3-galactoside, polyphenolic compound from Azadirachta indica, a sacred tree from hill temple in Alagarkovil reserve forest, eastern Ghats, India

Quercetin (3,3',4',5,7-Pentahydroxyflavone) is the one among the bioactive secondary metabolite (BASM) in neem seed of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Quercetin (Que) and its derivatives hold promising pharmacological effects. Antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-Alzheimer's, antiarthritic, cardiovascular, and wound-healing effects of Que have been extensively investigated, recently lot of work has been carried out on its anticancer activity against different cancer cell lines. Recently, in silico/in vitro studies have demonstrated that Que interferes with different stages of coronavirus entry and replication cycle (PLpro, 3CLpro, and NTPase/helicase). Due to its pleiotropic effects in human health and disease and lack of systemic toxicity, Que and its derivatives could be tested for their efficacy on human target system in future clinical trials. In the present study, an attempt has been made to evaluate the physicochemical, druggable properties of Que from A. indica to prospect its ADMET properties.

CSR during COVID-19: exploring select organizations’ intents and activities

Purpose: This paper aims to explore the immediate proactive corporate social responsibility (CSR) efforts undertaken by select organizations in India in response to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and the approach they have adopted toward it. Design/methodology/approach: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 27 senior managers across top Bombay Stock Exchange indexed organizations from the manufacturing and services sector in India during the national COVID-19 pandemic lockdown between March and June 2020. Manual content analysis and the Gioia method were used to arrive at the insights. Findings: Results of the analysis showcase the spirited immediate CSR measures undertaken by the select organizations in the broader interests of the community at large. The study also highlights the need for a paradox approach toward CSR strategy. Research limitations/implications: Given that the present study adopts an exploratory qualitative research design, the scope for generalization is rather limited. Practical implications: This paper classifies COVID-19 related initiatives undertaken by selected few top organizations in India and attempts to justify the need to opt for a paradox approach toward CSR strategy. Originality/value: To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is one of the first few studies to have attempted to put forth a dialog at the intersection of COVID-19 and CSR with rich insights gained from qualitative data collected during India’s intense lockdown period and offering a different perspective with the inclusion of paradox theory into the discussion. © 2021, Emerald Publishing Limited.

Hearing Loss-a Camouflaged Manifestation of COVID 19 Infection.

The symptomatology of novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona virus type 2 infection runs the entire gamut of mild to moderate and serious illness among the affected individuals. As listed in recent literature, respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, olfactory and gustatory systems are commonly involved. With the growing knowledge about the disease, varied manifestations have been identified and lately, otorhinolaryngology dysfunctions in COVID 19 have been described. Hearing loss in COVID era is one of the emerging areas of concern and calls for further research in the field for the better understanding and treatment of this entity. This study was designed to assess the audiological profile among 100 mild to moderately affected COVID-19 individuals, so as to make a contribution to the emerging literature on otologic manifestations in COVID 19. In our case series, high frequency hearing loss and referred OAE was noted among significant number of COVID 19 positive patients. This was even observed in patients without any otologic symptoms. Hence, early identification and intervention if required helps to give a better quality of life to the patient.

Post-COVID pulmonary fibrosis: therapeutic efficacy using with mesenchymal stem cells - How the lung heals.

COVID-19 is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by SARS-COV 2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus) that has become a global pandemic. COVID-19 mainly causes the respiratory complications of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), cytokine storm, and severe immune disruptions. The assays depict that though people recuperate from COVID-19, there are still symptoms that persists in the body causing discomfort, which is the consequence of the viral infection due to severe immune disruptions. Upon various difficulties of post COVID-19, the pulmonary fibrosis is the stumbling block in the lungs causing severe damage. In this review, we have shown the effectiveness and importance of the Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) secreted by Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) therapy on selective stoppage of the Transforming Growth Factor-Beta (TGF-ß) signalling pathway by causing immunomodulatory effects that ameliorate the pulmonary fibrosis through paracrine signalling. However, more pilot studies have to be carried out to determine the efficacy and outcomes of the re-emerging complication.

COVID-19 Presenting With Diabetic Ketoacidosis: A Case Series.

OBJECTIVE: Diabetes mellitus has been recognized as one of the comorbidities that predict the severity of illness in patients infected with COVID-19. The characteristics of patients presenting with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and COVID-19 infection have not been described. METHODS: We describe 5 patients with DKA and concomitant COVID-19 admitted to the intensive care unit of an academic medical center. Three patients had type 1 diabetes mellitus, and 2 patients had type 2 diabetes mellitus. RESULTS: While DKA with an infectious etiology is a common presentation, we observed that the patients with DKA precipitated by COVID-19 presented with atypical symptoms. COVID-19 infection was revealed during search for an etiology of DKA. CONCLUSION: It is prudent to have a low threshold to screen for COVID-19 infection in patients with DKA.